Gutenberg’s Press and the Transition from Medieval to Modern

There are numerous thoughts and ideas that encouraged the progress from the Medieval Era to an increasingly current, Renaissance society, yet it very well may be contended that Johann Gutenberg's creation of the print machine was the most significant factor to this adjustment in Europe. The production of the press was no simple errand for Gutenberg; he was confronted with numerous deterrents. Be that as it may, once made, the press profited individuals around the globe for quite a long time and keeps on being a central piece of our general public today. Before the creation of the print machine, books were incredibly costly, constraining training to the exceptionally rich. Since just the high society could stand to buy books, instruction was a methods for isolating the nobility from the lower classes. It was almost unthinkable for the less lucky to climb in the public eye since they couldn't instruct themselves. Books were so expensive because of the techniques utilized to make each page independently. For a recorder to duplicate a whole novel by hand would take a lot of tolerance and numerous hours. A typical strategy for delivering duplicates was for one man to peruse the first word by word, and a gathering of copyists would compose each word as the peruser said them. â€Å"By this method,† portrays John Fontana in his work Mankind's Greatest Invention, â€Å"one original copy filled in as the wellspring of proliferation for some duplicates when the recorders wrapped up the remainder of the peruser's orally introduced words† (13). Not exclusively was this tedious, however the more duplicates that were made, the more mistakes were made. In the end, a strategy for making duplicates without such a high wiggle room occurred. Individuals would hand cut squares of wood with raised letters and spread the squares with ink. At that point they would put a piece of paper on the square to make a duplicate. To make the procedure significantly progressively troublesome, they needed to cut the letters and words in reverse so they would print accurately, and they needed to make these letters look typical when turned around. Albert Kapr, in his book Johann Gutenberg: The Man and his Invention, portrays how â€Å"a calligrapher had first to work out this content, which was followed as an identical representation inversion on to a planed limewood board and afterward cut out with a blade so that the lettering was left as a raised surface† (21). This technique is called xylography, and keeping in mind that it was an improvement in that it diminished slip-ups, cutting a square of wood for each page to be printed was significantly additional tedious than composing the words by hand, and books stayed as costly as could be. Johann Gensfleisch Gutenberg, a goldsmith from Mainz, Germany, needed to change this. His thought was to supplant the wood hinders with isolated letters made of metal. One would have the option to move the letters around to make words and sentences, and afterward reuse them. â€Å"The key to this new technique was not as is by and large accepted, the revelation of the estimation of versatile sort, for mobile letters had been known and utilized for centuries,† clarifies Fontana. â€Å"It was the system for making the types† (28). This sort of print machine was, truth be told, previously being utilized in China, yet the innovation to make such a machine was at this point to be found in Europe. In attempting to manufacture this machine, Gutenberg was confronted with a great many deterrents. Exactly when he would figure he may have aced it, he would experience another issue to tackle. â€Å"The creation of typography was not,† noted Theo DeVinne in his work The Invention of Printing, â€Å"the consequence of a cheerful idea or of a blaze of motivation. It was not conceived in a day . . . it was thoroughly considered and created out† (376). In the first place, he had two primary concerns: finding a gadget that would keep the letters set up, and making a press that would print plainly. Gutenberg before long concocted an answer for the first of the two issues. He paid a woodworker for the utilization of his winepress, in order to have â€Å"a reasonable bed for a page of metal letters to rest on,† and organized the letters on one side of it (Fontana 22). He needed to think of a casing to hold the paper; at that point when one was prepared to print, they could wind a screw to press the paper facing the letters. The letters were to be made by emptying liquefied metal into a form. At that point Gutenberg went over a few additional issues. The first was the topic of how to make the entirety of the letters the very same thickness with the goal that when they were squeezed against the paper, they would print equitably. Likewise, he required an answer for putting tight letters on thin metal bases and wide letters on wide bases. Utilizing a similar base for all letters would not exclusively be unreasonable in that it would squander space, it would likewise make the words look lopsided, with changed estimated spaces between letters. Despite the width of the character, each metal piece must be a similar stature so the lines would not be screwy. DeVinne mentioned that â€Å"if the sorts of one character, as of the letter an, ought to be made the merest play bigger or littler than its colleagues of a similar text style, all the sorts, when created, will show the outcomes of the defect† (52). Gutenberg concocted two splendid plans to take care of the issues. So as to make the entirety of the letters a similar thickness, he made the shape the ideal stature and included expansions the sides to get any flooding metal. That way he could ensure that they would not be excessively thick, and as long as he poured metal to the top, they would not be excessively meager. When dried, â€Å"this additional piece at the base of the metal letters inverse to the part the prints called the face, was effectively severed and smoothed before it was utilized for the printed page† (Fontana 30). With respect to making the letters various widths, he needed to make a customizable form. He previously tested utilizing wood, and once consummated, he made one out of metal. He thought of a form that comprised of two L-molded pieces that could fit together, and slide to and fro to make the encased territory bigger or littler. Here Gutenberg experienced further difficulties. The lead he had been utilizing to make the letters was too delicate it was printing unevenly after only a couple of pages had been printed. Gutenberg tackled the issue of making the typeface sufficiently hard to oppose pressure by blending the lead in with parts of tin and a substance that acted like antimony,† solidifying the metal and forestalling development or shrinkage while the metal dried (Fontana 30). It likewise took a great deal of looking to discover ink that was the correct consistency to leave a slender layer on paper. Should it be excessively flimsy, it would spread through the paper, and should it be excessively thick, it would bunch and seem lopsided. After fixing these issues, Gutenberg had thought of his first working print machine. With it, he printed duplicates of the primary, second, and third releases of the Donatus. In any case, scarcely any individuals would buy the pages in light of the fact that many considered his development indecent, as they accepted written by hand content to be a sacrosanct workmanship. Likewise, there were still issues with the press. The sort face shifted an excessive amount of the lines would go from flimsy to thick and back to thin once more, and the ink didn't adhere to paper well. DeVinne discloses to us that â€Å"judged by present day guidelines, the sorts are uncoordinated; the content letters are excessively thick and dark, and the capitals are of inconsiderate structure, dark, and unreasonably little for the text† (421). The press itself took a great deal of solidarity, particularly when making different duplicates. These parts required improvement, so Gutenberg got the opportunity to work. He made progressively characterized molds and more grounded metal letters, which took into account more slender printed lines. With expectations of inevitably printing the Bible, Gutenberg attempted to make letters that would, when set together, take after the penmanship of copyists. It was a troublesome undertaking, yet he figured out how to finish pages of excellent lettering, each having two segments. The main issue was that solitary thirty-six lines would fit on a page, and Gutenberg needed to fit forty-two lines. Something else, the measure of pages to print the Bible would be a lot more prominent and all the more expensive. â€Å"If he had been just a common visionary about extraordinary inventions,† trusts DeVinne, â€Å"he would have deserted a venture so supported in with mechanical and budgetary difficulties† (416). It was around this time Gutenberg met John Fust, who offered to help money his undertaking on the off chance that they could frame an association. Gutenberg concurred as he was enormously needing a methods for paying for new hardware to make a forty-two-page press. DeVinne reports that these â€Å"small types were remarkable; they were rarely utilized, so far as we probably am aware for some other work† (406). This was no doubt Gutenberg's most noteworthy misstep, since when Fust didn't get a fast profit for his cash, he sued Gutenberg for practically the entirety of his gear, including the new print machine. This was a slowed down from which Gutenberg never recuperated, and however his development significantly profited many, he passed on a poor man. The print machine had an emotional effect on European culture from multiple points of view. One significant way that it influenced society was to realize a more elevated level of independence than had been before experienced. As Marshall McLuhan noted in his book The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographical Man, â€Å"the conveyability of the book, much like that of easel-painting, added a lot to the new religion of individualism† (206). Since there was not, at this point the should be a piece of a University or cloister so as to approach books and training, individuals started investing increasingly more energy in their own, showing themselves, and hence, turning out to be increasingly autonomous. The appropriation of an exceptionally expanded number of books because of the innovation of the press additionally encouraged individualistic thoughts by allowing more individuals the chance to peruse, driving them to decipher data themselves. In an oral culture, one is educated b

Business Operations Of Myer Holdings Limited

Business Operations Of Myer Holdings Limited Myer Holdings Limited has 66 stores over the Australia, being Australias biggest non-rebate retail chain. Myer gives clients a wide scope of item classes and a wide choice of local and worldwide brands at different value focuses. To keep up the strength in the market, Myer has consented to 14 rent arrangements for new stores, redeveloped Melbourne leader store to a worldwide class standard; grow MYER one dedication program, along with establishment of another purpose of - deal framework. On second November 2009, Myer was recorded on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) after a first sale of stock. Business Operation Nature of income assets Deals income grows up 0.7%â [1]â to $332.24 million in FY2010 [2] . As appeared in the Figure 1, 3.7 million MYER one individuals contribute 68% of deals. It is potential to develop top-line deals through existing and new individuals. Myer likewise creates more income dominatingly through intrigue charges and yearly expenses, as 35,600 new Myer Visa cards joined in FY2010. All out MYER one Gold card holders are currently more than 20,000, who spend more than $7,500 per annum. Basic income were bolstered by better edges from its developing line of select brands, presently representing 17 % of its businessâ [3]â . Concession administrator deals are $103,712,000 for FY2010, which is produced using giving store space to settled brands, involving installments for floor space or potentially a level of gross deals. Myers corporate and wedding administrations are another income streams. Myer Gifts and Myers online deals channel further help promoting income, being foreseen to have a bigger nearness in the following 5 years. Lead of Operations Myer is the biggest multi-class retail chain in Australia. So as to hang out in the serious business, Myer utilized a solid, clear development methodology which is based on four key columns: equivalent store deals, net edge improvement, new store opening and decreases in the expense. As per the monetary yearly reports, profit before intrigue and expense (EBIT) expanded fundamentally from $165 million to $236 million since 2007 and continue developing to between $265 million to $272 million out of 2010. Myers vision of being a worldwide class retail business has set up a notable and trustworthy brand, along with Myer Loyalty program to hold and extend client base so as to build deals. Myer has opened 65 stores in prime retail stores in Australia and Bernie Brookes, and 14 new stores are wanted to open throughout the following four years. Myer uses new store rollout to accomplish a bigger scope business. CEO calls attention to that the interest in the execution of CCTV is finished whic h is foreseen to decrease misfortunes from burglary. Myer additionally set up another POS framework to create profitability and client administrations enhancements. Improve markdown the executives which is relied upon to be finished by keen assignment of items and better sourcing is created so as to diminish the activity costs and accomplish a rising gross edge. Items administrations and markets Myer works a buyer steadfastness program and offers an enormous number of Australian family units in excess of 600,000 product offerings, involving 2,400 brands sourced from more than 800 worldwide providers. Myers item comprise of eleven center classes: womenswear, menswear, youth style, childrenswear, close clothing, excellence, scent and makeup, homewares, electrical products, toys, design extras, and general product. Items are sold over various markets characterized by their value focuses: Permanent Value, Attainable Fashion, Inspired Designs, Affordable Luxury and Premium Luxury, guaranteeing profundity of range and wide client bid. Myer has a set-up of administrations to help its business, joining forces with Visa and QBE to give acknowledge offices, for example, the Myer Visa card and exhaustive MYER Insurance inclusion for clients. There has additionally been center around the extension of Myers online store nearness, gift vouchers, corporate administrations and marriage and blessing libraries in 2009, Myer entered an organization with Red Balloon, Australias driving provider of experiential endowments to additionally build up its blessing library business. Industry Conditions: Market and Competition Myer is Australias biggest non-markdown retail chain in retail industry. Supplies are fundamental to retail establishments achievement, with retail chains clamoring to protect elite provider concurrences with well known brands. Notwithstanding expanding bartering intensity of providers and lower exchanging costs, expanding passage hindrances to this industry because of development of existing players, solid brand unwaveringness, high capital expenses and high securing costsâ [4]â have guaranteed the serious condition stays high, yet consistent. Regardless of the principle rival, David Jones, Myer additionally contends with claim to fame stores, particularly footwear and clothing, and markdown retail chains, for example, Target, Big W, and Kmart. Drug stores present huge rivalry in aromas and beautifiers. Administrative Environment The Board of Myer Holdings Limited receives corporate administration to improve execution of administrators and workers to be predictable with investors desires. The Myers code additionally gives lawful rules of behaviors and practices which must mindful and follow laws and guidelines applicable to Myers tasks, including word related wellbeing and security, reasonable exchanging and managing, protection and work rehearses. Considering of business leases is expected to open another mall, consenting to agreements and arrangements require compliances with retail occupancy enactment. Furthermore, Myer Holdings Limited needs to conform to the Corporations law which is built up to give rules and duties to partners. As Myer Holdings Limited is recorded on the ASX, it is likewise required persistent and straightforward revelation of its money related reports and any noteworthy occasions and exchanges. Additionally, Myer ought to follow the Trade Practices Act bolstered by the Australian Comp etition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) with point of securing client rights. Breaking this can be fined seriously by Federal Court. Irritation Analysis: Political When all is said in done Australia has a stable world of politics and generally low political hazard. The Government is executing financial changes to fortify and make sure about the economy. This will guarantee Australia is very much situated to completely profit by the open doors made by solid development in our locale, and guaranteeing that all Australians share in the advantages of a solid economyâ [5]â . The administration is accomplishing this by methods for closer associations with rising economies, for example, China, facilitated commerce concurrences with China, Japan and Korea are at present under exchange, and the Australian government has consented to unhindered commerce arrangements with New Zealand, Singapore and the United Statesâ [6]â as Myer offers its client both nearby and worldwide brands by bringing in from everywhere throughout the world. These unhindered commerce understandings help Myer to accomplish cost productivity in its flexibly chain, anyway the potential clash between Australian Standards and different nations measures for an equivalent item may exists and influence Myers gracefully of these items to its clients. From 1 July 2010, the low annual duty balance will increment from $1350 to $1500, the 30% limit will increment from $35000 to $37000 and the 38% peripheral expense rate will diminish to 37%â [7]â . Tax breaks will build family units extra cash which could rouse more use. Myer will conceivably profit by the expanding of family unit use. Monetary Because of the Global budgetary emergency, Australia monetary agreements in 2009, contrarily affecting the retail business and in this way created an ominous situation for Myer. Notwithstanding, the Australian economy had bounced back genuinely well. The joblessness rate diminished 0.2 rate focuses over August 2010. Also, the occasionally balanced GDP development rate change from Jun quarter 2009 to Jun quarter 2010 is +3.3%â [8]â . These will upgrade the buyer certainty and possibly increment the deals of Myer. Moreover, the buyer value file demonstrates that the degree of expansion has diminished consistently (Mar 09 is 3.9, Dec 09 is 3.1, and Jun 10 is 2.7). It might be gainful to Myer as rising buying intensity of purchasers can expand utilization on items offered by Myer. Moreover, the Australian dollar has acknowledged significantly during the year. Myer can exploit it since the imported items are less expensive than previously. Then again, as per the measurement from RBA, the reality RBA has expanded the money rate multiple times for each time being 0.25% since 7 October 2009. The expansion of the money rate prompts a lot of premium Myer needs to cover. Social Australia is a migration nation with a pluralistic culture. In the 2006 Australian statistics, the most ordinarily selected heritage was Australian (37.13%) trailed by English (31.65%), Irish (9.08%), Scottish (7.56%), Italian (4.29%), German (4.09%), Chinese (3.37%), and Greek (1.84%). [9] With the decent variety in culture and foundation, the entire society has an uplifting disposition of inviting outside items and administrations. This is great for Myer since Myer gives worldwide brand items to its clients. Australia has a populace of 22 million and concentrated around the coasts as appeared in Figure2. The geographic conveyance of the Myers store portfolio is in accordance with Australias geographic populace appropriation, with most of stores situated in the more thickly populated eastern seaboard statesâ [10]â . Figure 2: Population thickness, Australia-June 2009â [11]â à ¦Ã¥Ã¢ ªÃ£ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢ ½Ã£ ¥Ã¢ Ã¢ .jpg The Aus

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Stress Relief

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Stress Relief April 12, 2019 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living PeopleImages/iStock   We cant always change the circumstances that cause us stress, and sometimes we cant even influence them. For example, you cant always leave a difficult job or get a raise when finances are tight, and there will always be some difficult people you simply need to deal with. Some stress simply must be managed, and it can be life-changing when you find strategies that help you deal with stress in a way that minimizes its negative effects. One of these tools, which is becoming more popular, is acceptance and commitment therapy (ATC). This is a form of counseling that is similar to cognitive-behavior therapy, which has been shown by many studies to be effective with stress management. ACT combines the use of acceptance of stressors in ones life and mindfulness strategies mixed in different ways with commitment and behavior-change strategies that can increase psychological and emotional flexibility. History of ATC This approach was originally named comprehensive distancing and was founded in 1982 by psychologist Steven C. Hayes. It has since been fleshed out and worked into a more robust approach to change. Now there are several different protocols for ACT that change depending on the situation and type of stress faced, as well as the setting. For example, there is a brief version of ACT called focused acceptance and commitment therapy, also known as FACT. The goal of ACT  (and FACT) is not to eliminate difficult feelings, but to be present with them and accept them, which can create greater comfort with them so that people are able to move beyond the barriers that these feelings create. Acceptance and commitment therapy invites people to open up to unpleasant feelings and learn not to overreact to them or avoid situations where they are invoked. Its therapeutic effect is a positive upward spiral of emotion where feeling better leads to a better understanding of the truth. Principles ACT commonly employs six core principles to help clients develop psychological flexibility. Cognitive defusion: Learning methods to reduce the tendency to  reify  thoughts, images, emotions, and memories.Acceptance: Allowing thoughts to come and go without struggling with them.Contact with the present moment: Awareness of the here and now, experienced with openness, interest, and receptiveness.The observing self: Accessing a transcendent sense of self, a continuity of consciousness which is unchanging.Values: Discovering what is most important to oneself.Committed action: Setting goals according to values and carrying them out responsibly. Correlational evidence has found that absence of psychological flexibility predicts many forms of psychopathology. A 2005  meta-analysis  showed that the six ACT principles, on average, account for 16 to 29 percent of the variance in psychopathology (general mental health, depression, anxiety) at baseline, depending on the measure, using correlational methods. ACT-Based Strategies Mindfulness and Meditation Because the main goal of ACT is  to accept ones present circumstances, become more comfortable with them, and then be empowered to move beyond them with minimal stress, meditation is an extremely helpful tool for this kind of stress. The practice of mindfulness and meditation can allow you to practice being aware of stressors and then letting go of the need to react. This can minimize the stress you feel as well as the tendency many of us have to overreact to stress we experience when we feel trapped. This can come in the form of rumination, catastrophizing, and other stress-exacerbating habits that many of us engage in whether were aware of it or not. The following are some meditation techniques that can be used for stress relief. Reappraisal We cant always change what we experience, but we can change how we think about these experiences. This is a core belief of ACT. Changing your thoughts about the stress you experience can come in the form of cognitive restructuring or cognitive reappraisals, where you actively work to choose new ways of viewing the same situation. These views may not be the first thoughts you had on the topic, but they can be just as aligned with the realities of the situation. For example, when facing a challenge that feels beyond your capabilities (a commonly stressful situation), I am failing at this, can be changed to, I am having a difficult time with this. Its all part of the process, though, and Ill get it eventually. Similarly, This should not be happening to me, can be changed to, We all face challenges, and heres one of mine. Ill get through this. Deliberate Acceptance Sometimes stress can be greatly minimized when we give up the fight and trust the process. When we feel we need to struggle against something that may not necessarily be changeable, we can feel overwhelmed with a virtually impossible task. When we accept a situation and let go of our own need to control it (which often is impossible, anyway), this can feel like lifting a weight off our shoulders and can greatly relieve the stress of whatever situation we face. Making friends with the situations we had been fighting can be a liberating process and, interestingly, can help us to move on from feeling stuck and trapped into a place of recognizing what is and what can be done about it. Choosing Purposeful Action A primary goal with ACT is to choose an action that can be taken and to move forward in a positive, productive direction. One strategy that can help with this is to increase the positive experiences you have so that you can create an upward spiral of positivity. Another is to simply look at the situation you are in (and accept this situation) and then look for options you can choose within this reality rather than trying to change the reality itself by fighting your overall circumstances. This can be achieved with the help of a therapist, a journaling practice,  or talks with a good friend who understands. A Word From Verywell Ultimately, ACT-based strategies can be liberating and empowering. Accepting the challenges of life and moving forward can build confidence and inner strength and can help you to move past significant amounts of stress. Practice with this modality can make perfect.

The Training Experience Through The Canadian Labor Market...

Introduction This paper describes the main activities, duties, role and experiences learned during my internship subject. The purpose of the internship is the student acquires work experience in the Canadian labor market applying the knowledge learned during the lectures in the Master program. Furthermore, the student will develop four basic competencies: leadership, critical-thinking, technical skills according to their specialization and communication. I consider this subject should be promoted more between the graduate and undergraduate students, not only because they grant work experience, but it also allow them to build rapport inside diverse companies. Insight of Internship This internship blossom my critical-thinking, problem solving and communications skills; even though, I had previous experience working with multi-cultural teams; this experience was complete different and exceed my expectations. During my internship I applied my lectures from the first semester to the end, all the lessons learned since 2014 until 2015. Being surrounding with colleagues from cultural backgrounds different from mine, such India, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Vancouver, Toronto, Algeria or Egypt; it give me the opportunity to understand diverse leaderships, teams, behaviors, expectations and learn more about others cultures. I learned how to increase my networking with my peers, transform a group to team and handle change resistance, the latter was really tough, due to I did not haveShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagestracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplusRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 PagesEducation Company iii iv Table of Contents SECTION ONE ................................................................. 1 An Investment Perspective and Human Resources .... 2 HUMAN RESOURCE INVESTMENT CONSIDERATIONS ...6 INVESTMENTS IN TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ..... 14 INVESTMENT PRACTICES FOR IMPROVED RETENTION ............................................................ 32 INVESTMENTS IN JOB-SECURE WORKFORCES .......... 42 ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES ................Read MoreDissertation Proposal on Managing Diversity of Workforce18916 Words   |  76 Pagescomparison of work values for gaining of knowledge for management of the multi-generation workforce. 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How the Characters in Much Ado About Nothing Learn to...

How the Characters in Much Ado About Nothing Learn to Love The title of Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing has sparked scholarly debates about its meaning for centuries. Some say it is a play on the term â€Å"noting†, revolving around the theme of all sorts of deceptions by all sorts of appearances (Rossiter 163). Others claim it has more to do with everyone making a fuss about things that turn out to be false, therefore, nothing (Vaughn 102). Regardless of these speculations, there is something rather profound going on in the play that is worth making a big deal about: four characters in the play learn about love, and eventually, how to love. The four characters that learn the art of love are Beatrice,†¦show more content†¦Claudio also does not seem to know much about Hero, thus explaining why he is asking Benedick about her. He not only wants to know that his budding feelings are justified, but he wants to make sure that his choice of lady is indeed worthy of his honor. Even if Hero is fair, if she will not compliment Claudio’s social status, he will not marry her (Ranald 74). The notion of honor will come back to the forefront of this play later on. During this first scene, it quickly becomes clear that he knows he feels something for Hero, but he is unsure of exactly what his feelings mean. While talking to both Benedick and Don Pedro, Claudio describes his feelings as passion first (I.i.219-220), and then he says, â€Å"That I love her, I feel† (I.i.228). Claudio’s lame profession of love for Hero mirrors the shallowness of his previous comments. Claudio is not trying to be small-minded though. Because Claudio is a soldier above all else, it seems reasonable that he might not know if he’s in love or not. Claudio, Ranald says, â€Å"is less the romantic young man in love than the ambitious young soldier primarily concerned with his own advancement†¦He must learn that marriage is more than a business arrangement (74).† With Claudio in this business-like frame of mind, the lack of romance in his speech during the previously mentioned lines makes sense. What does this really say about Claudio? At thisShow MoreRelatedThe Reflection of Emotions964 Words   |  4 PagesCharacters within Shakespeare’s, Much Ado About Nothing display love in a complementary manner to the love written in Sonnet 116. Although arduous situations occur, these individuals are loyal to their love interests. They consistently illustrate their feelings and this factor allows the characters to flourish. This especially true of Benedick, Hero and Don Pedro in Much Ado About Nothing. As they are victimized by Don John throughout the play, their relationships are strained. 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When attempting to deceive another person, the characters must be able to understand the consequences one may face when manipulating another through deceit. Two plays that strongly sho wcase Shakespeare’s lies and manipulation are Much Ado About Nothing and HamletRead MoreEssay about Much Ado About Nothing: A Comedy with Deep Meaning1270 Words   |  6 PagesMuch Ado About Nothing:   A Comedy with Deep Meaning  Ã‚  Ã‚      Much Ado About Nothing--the title sounds, to a modern ear, offhand and self-effacing; we might expect the play that follows such a beginning to be a marvelous piece of fluff and not much more. However, the play and the title itself are weightier than they initially seem. Shakespeare used two other such titles--Twelfth Night, or What You Will and As You Like It--both of which send unexpected reverberations of meaning throughout theirRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Much Ado About Nothing, By William Shakespeare1247 Words   |  5 PagesTragedies and Romances. â€Å"Much Ado About Nothing†, by William Shakespeare, demonstrates the characteristics recurrent in elizabethan tragedies, despite being considered a comedy. These significant elements include: a villain, death, and a tragic love story. To begin, a Shakespearean villain is stereotyped as: an outsider, someone who feels the need for revenge, and someone who spends time plotting his evil actions. All of these elements can be found within Much Ado About Nothing’s Don John. IllegitimateRead MoreAn Understanding Evil in Shakespeare ´s Much Ado About Nothing753 Words   |  4 PagesAn Understanding Evil Several of William Shakespeare’s plays focus on the presence of a characters public appearance in the eyes of spectatorship and observation, and the problems that result from misunderstandings. Although it is dark at times, Much Ado About Nothing is a comedy that exemplifies this theme. As spectatorship is an action characters engage in, it becomes a challenge to keep up with the motives and truthful appearances of identities throughout the play. Due to Claudio’s abilityRead MoreMuch Ado About Nothing Individualism Analysis1380 Words   |  6 Pages Much Ado About Nothing, written by William Shakespeare, sheds light on individualism. Individualism is the habit or principle of being independent and self-reliant. Individualism philosophies are the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook that emphasizes the moral worth of the sole individual. William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, and was considered one of the greatest writers in the English language, of all time. Still to this day, Shakespeare has hisRead MoreShakespeares Techniques in Much Ado About Nothing Essay1171 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeares Techniques in Much Ado About Nothing I am going to describe the techniques used by Shakespeare in Much Ado About Nothing. I am focusing on language, themes, characters, plots and sub plots as well as the play as a whole. I will also be focusing on how the modern day as well as the Elizabethan audience would respond to this play write. Shakespeare is known as one of the worlds best play writers, he has written tragedies, histories, sonnets and comediesRead MoreLove Is A Cornerstone Of Literature1331 Words   |  6 PagesLove is something that every human being as capable of feeling. No matter how hard an individual tries to avoid it, they will at one time or another will be blindsided by love. 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Prometheus Unbound Free Essays

In examining Asia’s speech, appearing in Act 2 of Percy Bysshe Shelley’s ‘Prometheus Unbound,’ it is evident that Shelley utilised a vast range of themes to create such a unique piece. Overall, the play draws chiefly from areas such as Philosophy, Romanticism, Mythology, Music and Religion (Rossetti). However, the play itself could not have been created without Shelley’s reading of Aeschylus’s play, â€Å"Prometheus Bound† (McDonald). We will write a custom essay sample on Prometheus Unbound or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this sense, the play is very much an appropriation of and sequel to the original. With the above matters combined, Shelley created a work that is conceptually complex, providing the foundations for a challenging yet dramatic play that â€Å"paradoxically performs itself inside the mind of the reader† (Quillin). Asia’s speech in Act 2 reveals Prometheus as fundamentally, the first humanitarian. As such, Prometheus is known as the liberator of humanity and referred to as the â€Å"culture bringer† (Greenblatt 821). Symbolically, Rossetti affirms, â€Å"The unbinding of Prometheus is the unbinding of the human mind† (28). In addition, Rossetti suggests the cave that retains Prometheus â€Å"†¦is the cavern of the human mind- the recesses of creative and contemplative thought, vocal with human sympathy, fertile of human enlightenment and elevation† (31). Therefore, Shelley’s ideas signify Romanticism, as his writing insinuates when individuals attain freedom, the power of their imagination is unlocked (Quillin). This can be seen in the â€Å"Prometheus saw, and waked the legioned hopes Which sleep within folded Elysian flowers, Nepenthe, Moly, Amaranth, fadeless blooms; That they might hide with thin and rainbow wings The shape of death; and Love he sent to bind The disunited tendrils of that vine† â€Å"Prometheus saw, and waked the legioned hopes Which sleep within folded Elysian flowers, Nepenthe, Moly, Amaranth, fadeless blooms; That they might hide with thin and rainbow wings The shape of death; and Love he sent to bind The disunited tendrils of that vine† subsequent fragments of Asia’s speech. First and foremost, Asia’s speech is one of unrhymed rhythm and abundant of religious connotations depicting parallels between Greek mythology and Christianity (Quillin). The word ‘Elysian’ refers to Greek mythology and the paradise to which heroes on whom the gods deliberated immortality were sent (Encyclop? ia Britannica). The word ‘hope’ is personified as it is ‘woken’. The awakening of ‘legioned hopes’ may also signify the mass of humanity, in the sense they have been transitorily paralysed by Jupiter’s wrath. It also provides parallels to purgatory, as the forced temporary suffering upon human kind occurs for an unspecified period of time (Padgett). The heavenly flowers act as strength to Prometheus. With Prometheus’ epiphany that love is the answer, the ‘binding’ of the ‘disunited tendrils’ symbolises Prometheus’ realisation that he can be reunited with his wife. The ‘vine’ may also symbolise the chains that bound Prometheus to the cliff. In addition, metaphorically, the vine could represent the almighty strength of a vine in comparison to Prometheus and Asia’s undying love. Rossetti expands this notion, by stating Prometheus and Asia may be regarded as the â€Å"union of the mind and body, or mind and â€Å"Which bears the wine of life, the human heart; And he tamed fire which, like some beast of prey, Most terrible, but lovely, played beneath The frown of man, and tortured to his will Iron and gold, the slaves and signs of power, And gems and poisons, and all subtlest forms, Hidden beneath the mountains and the waves. † â€Å"Which bears the wine of life, the human heart; And he tamed fire which, like some beast of prey, Most terrible, but lovely, played beneath The frown of man, and tortured to his will Iron and gold, the slaves and signs of power, And gems and poisons, and all subtlest forms, Hidden beneath the mountains and the waves. † beauty, or intellectual and emotional/loving elements in the human soul† (32). The first line alludes to the greatest gift in life and predominant theme in Prometheus Unbound; love. Love aids the strength and power in Prometheus’ defeat of Jupiter. Evidently, ‘The frown of man’ refers to Jupiter, the chief of Gods who initiated the binding of Prometheus (Magill). After the annulment of Jupiter’s curse upon Prometheus, the play suggests if human kind decides to embrace love, freedom and reject all evil, then the reforming of humanity should occur (Padgett). Thus, the poem is contradictory to Shelley’s statement in the preface stating that â€Å"Didactic poetry is my abhorrence† (Greenblatt 797) as it essentially teaches morality. Once more, the play provides a parallel to Christianity, in the sense that the characters ‘Prometheus’ can be compared to Christ and ‘Jupiter’ to Satan (Padgett). As pointed out, Shelley’s philosophical roots are strongly embedded throughout the play. With this is mind, it is clear that Shelley utilised Aristotle’s theory of the four basic constituents of matter; earth, water, air and fire as a thematic element within the play (Fowler). Thus, words such as ‘fire’ and ‘forms’, refer to Shelley’s cosmic approach to symbols represented throughout the play (Padgett). This distinctive style of imagery enabled Shelley to thoroughly capture the readers’ imagination, as his writing suggests imagery â€Å"He gave man speech, and speech created thought, Which is the measure of the Universe; And Science struck the thrones of Earth and Heaven Which shook, but fell not; and the harmonious mind Poured itself forth in all-prophetic song, And music lifted up the listening spirit Until it walked, exempt from mortal care, Godlike, o’er the clear billows of sweet sound; And human hands first mimicked and then mocked With moulded limbs more lovely than its own The human form, till marble grew divine, And mothers, gazing, drank the love men see Reflected in their race, behold, and perish. † â€Å"He gave man speech, and speech created thought, Which is the measure of the Universe; And Science struck the thrones of Earth and Heaven Which shook, but fell not; and the harmonious mind Poured itself forth in all-prophetic song, And music lifted up the listening spirit Until it walked, exempt from mortal care, Godlike, o’er the clear billows of sweet sound; And human hands first mimicked and then mocked With moulded limbs more lovely than its own The human form, till marble grew divine, And mothers, gazing, drank the love men see Reflected in their race, behold, and perish. † that can be conceived various ways simultaneously (Padgett). The final section of Asia’s speech further glorifies Prometheus and the birth of liberation for human kind. It also typifies the premise of the entire drama; Prometheus is acknowledged as â€Å"the culture bringer† (Greenblatt 821). Meaning, he has given human kind the power of intellectual ability, made up of the creative arts and sciences, thus, liberating human kind. This is evident as â€Å"He gave man speech, and speech created thought, which is the measure of the universe†. This line highlights what Prometheus has achieved for the human race. Proving his suffering was not in vain, Rossetti states it has provided intellectual freedom for the rest of society (31). Furthermore, the line; â€Å"music lifted up the listening spirit† reiterates Prometheus’ liberation of human kind. From this, it is clear that Shelley adopts musical themes in his poetry when language no longer proves to be an effective mode of aestheticism (Quillin). Overall, Shelley produces a dramatic piece addressing his revolutionary ideals by combining music and dialogue, which ironically performs itself in the mind of the reader (Quillin). In Conclusion, Percy Bysshe Shelley’s ‘Prometheus Unbound’ was conceptually inspired by a plethora of key factors. Throughout ‘Prometheus Unbound’, it is evident that Shelley’s approach to imagery stems profoundly from his interest in Philosophy, Romanticism, Mythology, Music, Religion and most importantly, the appropriation of and sequel to Aeschylus’s play, â€Å"Prometheus Bound† (McDonald). These key elements have enabled a multifaceted approach to Shelley’s’ writing, formulating the dramatic shape of the play as a whole. Works Cited â€Å"Elysium†. Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. Encyclop? dia Britannica Inc. , 2013. Web. 11 Mar. 2013. ;http://www. britannica. om/EBchecked/topic/185418/Elysium; Fowler, Micahel. â€Å"Aristotle. †Ã‚  Beginnings of Science and Philosophy in Athens. N. p. , 9  Feb. 2008. Web. 11  Mar. 2013. ;http://galileoandeinstein. physics. virginia. edu/lectures/aristot2. html;. Greenblatt, Stephen, Ed. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 9th  Ed. New York, United States: W. W Norton ; Company, Inc. ,  2012. Print. Magill, Frank. â€Å"Prometheus Unbound. † Magill Book Reviews,  2011. Web. 10  Mar. 2013. ;http://www. enotes. com/prometheus-unbound-salem/prometheus-unbound-0089900364;. McDonald, Marianne. â€Å"Aeschylus’ Prometheus Bound.   Osher Lifelong Learning Institute – UC San Diego Extension. N. p. ,  2008. Web. 10  Mar. 2013. http://olli. ucsd. edu/documents/aeschylus. pdf. Padgett, John B. â€Å"The Imaginary Ideal: Prometheus Unbound. †Ã‚  Shelley, Dante, and Romantic Irony. N. p. ,  1995. Web. 11  Mar. 2013. http://www. mcsr. olemiss. edu/~egjbp/thesis/chapter2. html. Quillin, Jessica K. â€Å"An assiduous frequenter of the Italian opera: Shelley’s Prometheus Unbound and the opera buffa. †Ã‚  Romantic Circles. University of Maryland, 15  Mar. 2005. Web. 10  Mar. 2013. http://www. rc. umd. edu/praxis/opera/quillin/quillin. html. How to cite Prometheus Unbound, Papers

The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines free essay sample

THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES PREAMBLE We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution. ARTICLE I NATIONAL TERRITORY The national territory comprises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and all other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial and aerial domains, including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other submarine areas. The waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the Philippines. ARTICLE II DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES PRINCIPLES Section 1. The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them. Section 2. The Philippines renounces war as an instrument of national policy, adopts the generally accepted principles of international law as part of the law of the land and adheres to the policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, and amity with all nations. Section 3. Civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the military. The Armed Forces of the Philippines is the protector of the people and the State. Its goal is to secure the sovereignty of the State and the integrity of the national territory. Section 4. The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect the people. The Government may call upon the people to defend the State and, in the fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal, military or civil service. Section 5. The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty, and property, and promotion of the general welfare are essential for the enjoyment by all the people of the blessings of democracy. Section 6. The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable. STATE POLICIES Section 7. The State shall pursue an independent foreign policy. In its relations with other states, the paramount consideration shall be national sovereignty, territorial integrity, national interest, and the right to self-determination. Section 8. The Philippines, consistent with the national interest, adopts and pursues a policy of freedom from nuclear weapons in its territory. Section 9. The State shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and independence of the nation and free the people from poverty through policies that provide adequate social services, promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life for all. Section 10. The State shall promote social justice in all phases of national development. Section 11. The State values the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect for human rights. Section 12. The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception. The natural and primary right and duty of parents in the rearing of the youth for civic efficiency and the development of moral character shall receive the support of the Government. Section 13. The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their involvement in public and civic affairs. Section 14. The State recognizes the role of women in nation-building, and shall ensure the fundamental equality before the law of women and men. Section 15. The State shall protect and promote the right to health of the people and instill health consciousness among them. Section 16. The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature. Section 17. The State shall give priority to education, science and technology, arts, culture, and sports to foster patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote total human liberation and development. Section 18. The State affirms labor as a primary social economic force. It shall protect the rights of workers and promote their welfare. Section 19. The State shall develop a self-reliant and independent national economy effectively controlled by Filipinos. Section 20. The State recognizes the indispensable role of the private sector, encourages private enterprise, and provides incentives to needed investments. Section 21. The State shall promote comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform. Section 22. The State recognizes and promotes the rights of indigenous cultural communities within the framework of national unity and development. Section 23. The State shall encourage non-governmental, community-based, or sectoral organizations that promote the welfare of the nation. Section 24. The State recognizes the vital role of communication and information in nation-building. Section 25. The State shall ensure the autonomy of local governments. Section 26. The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law. Section 27. The State shall maintain honesty and integrity in the public service and take positive and effective measures against graft and corruption. Section 28. Subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law, the State adopts and implements a policy of full public disclosure of all its transactions involving public interest. ARTICLE III BILL OF RIGHTS Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws. Section 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. Section 3. 1) The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise, as prescribed by law. (2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any proceeding. Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances. Section 5. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political rights. Section 6. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired except in the interest of national security, public safety, or public health, as may be provided by law. Section 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to government research data used as basis for policy development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law. Section 8. The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged. Section 9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed. Section 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to any person by reason of poverty. Section 12. (1) Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be provided with one. These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of counsel. 2) No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free will shall be used against him. Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of detention are prohibited. (3) Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be inadmissible in evidence against him. (4) The law shall provide for penal and c ivil sanctions for violations of this section as well as compensation to the rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar practices, and their families. Section 13. All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on recognizance as may be provided by law. The right to bail shall not be impaired even when the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be required. Section 14. (1) No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of law. 2) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the production of evidence in his behalf. However, after arraignment, trial may proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused: Provided, that he has been duly notified and his failure to appear is unjustifiable. Section 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety requires it. Section 16. All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies. Section 17. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. Section 18. (1) No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and aspirations. (2) No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. Section 19. (1) Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment inflicted. Neither shall death penalty be imposed, unless, for compelling reasons involving heinous crimes, the Congress hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty already imposed shall be reduced to reclusion perpetua. (2) The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment against any prisoner or detainee or the use of substandard or inadequate penal facilities under subhuman conditions shall be dealt with by law. Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax. Section 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense. If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to another prosecution for the same act. Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted. ARTICLE IV CITIZENSHIP Section 1. The following are citizens of the Philippines: [1] Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this Constitution; [2] Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines; 3] Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and [4] Those who are naturalized in accordance with law. Section 2. Natural-born citizens are those who are citizens of the Philippines from birth without having to perform any act to acquire or perfect their Philippine citizenship. Those who elect Philippine citizenship in accordance with paragraph (3), Section 1 hereof shall be deemed natural-born citizens. Section 3. Philippine citizenship may be lost or reacquired in the manner provided by law. Section 4. Citizens of the Philippines who marry aliens shall retain their citizenship, unless by their act or omission, they are deemed, under the law, to have renounced it. Section 5. Dual allegiance of citizens is inimical to the national interest and shall be dealt with by law. ARTICLE V SUFFRAGE Section 1. Suffrage may be exercised by all citizens of the Philippines not otherwise disqualified by law, who are at least eighteen years of age, and who shall have resided in the Philippines for at least one year, and in the place wherein they propose to vote, for at least six months immediately preceding the election. No literacy, property, or other substantive requirement shall be imposed on the exercise of suffrage. Section 2. The Congress shall provide a system for securing the secrecy and sanctity of the ballot as well as a system for absentee voting by qualified Filipinos abroad. The Congress shall also design a procedure for the disabled and the illiterates to vote without the assistance of other persons. Until then, they shall be allowed to vote under existing laws and such rules as the Commission on Elections may promulgate to protect the secrecy of the ballot.

Shakespeare Genius or Overrated Essays - William Shakespeare

Shakespeare: Genius or Overrated? Shakespeare is widely regarded as one of the most important writers to ever have lived, if not the most important one. And not just in England, but across the majority of the world. In his time, Shakespeare was regarded as a great storyteller and he was incredibly popular. It did not matter what class you were in, all people could come and enjoy a play by William Shakespeare because he spoke to the common man. Centuries later, we still study him because his stories still resonate today. His compelling characters and diverse stories are still some of the most well written illuminations of the human experience. Shakespeare wrote for the people. And today, all people will have read a Shakespeare play. But I first hand have seen the argument against Shakespeare, especially when I was a high school student. Every time the teacher announced we would read a Shakespeare play next, there was always an audible groan. Many teenagers, and adults for that matter, feel they cannot connect to Shakespeare because of the language. But every year my classmates would rediscover that they could in fact understand Shakespeare's stories. When we read Henry V, every army brat in the room left with the "Band of Brothers" speech memorized. Most girls in the room related to the teen angst of Romeo and Juliet. People who had been cheated on or betrayed felt a strong connection to Othello. And our senior year, reading Hamlet seemed to make us all rethink our futures and who we wanted to be in the next chapters of our lives. So yes, while the difference in language can initially

The 50 Most Commonly Used Words in the English Language

The 50 Most Commonly Used Words in the English Language If youre an English learner, knowing which words are most commonly used in the language can help you to improve your vocabulary skills and gain confidence in  casual conversations.   Dont  count on these words to help you become fluent in English, but do use them as a resource to help you build your skills as you grow more  comfortable with the English language. Top Vocabulary Words All Everyone in a group.All the children did their homework. And A conjunction that joins parts of speech together in a sentence.She jumped, jogged, and danced in gym class.   Boy A male child.The little boy asked his mother if she would buy him candy. Book A long text of words that people read.The college student had to read a 500-page book for English class. Call To yell out or speak loudly; to contact someone by phone.  The girl called out to her brother so he would wait for her. Car A four-wheeled vehicle that transports people from one place to another.He drove the car from school to work. Chair A piece of furniture that can hold one person.My mother is the only one allowed to sit in the big chair in the living room.   Children Young people who have not yet reached adulthood.The children didnt listen to what their parents told them. City A place where many people live.New York is the biggest city in the United States. Dog   An animal that many people have as a household pet.My dog likes to play with bones. Door A passageway from which you can enter or exit a room or a building.  The students rushed through the classroom door just before the bell rang.   Enemy   The opposite of a friend. A competitor or rival.  The hero of the story killed his enemy with a sword. End To finish something or come to a conclusion.The end of the book was a happy one. Enough To have more than one needs of something.  Most Americans have enough food to eat, but thats not true in other countries.   Eat To consume food.  The children liked to eat apples and bananas after school.   Friend The opposite of an enemy. Someone on your side and with whom you enjoy spending time.The girl played with her friend in the yard until her mother told her to come inside. Father A male parent.The father picked up his child when she started crying. Go To travel to and from a location.  We go to school every day. Good To behave well or in a kind manner.My mother said that if Im good and dont hit my brother, she will take me to the movies. Girl A female child.  The girl dropped her schoolbooks on the ground.   Food An edible substance that people, animals, and plants eat to live.Starving people do not have enough food to eat and may die. Hear To listen to something.  I could hear my brother and sister arguing from the other room. House A place where people, often families, live.My friend lives in the biggest house on the street. Inside The internal part of something or to be located within something.  The inside of the house was warm and cozy.   Laugh To express that you find something amusing.  The children laughed after the clown made a joke. Listen To hear something.  We listen to music because we like to dance.   Man An adult male.The man was much taller than his son.   Name The title of a place, book, person, etc.  I never liked my name growing up.   Never Not ever.I am never getting back together with my boyfriend. Next The thing that happens after something else in a sequence; to be situated by something else.  Lets go to the next question. New Something just created or unused or unopened.My mother bought me a new doll for Christmas. It was still in the package. Noise Loud sounds, especially made by music or a group of people.  There was so much noise at the party, the neighbors called the police.   Often To happen frequently.  My teacher gets mad because I often forget my homework.   Pair Two things that go together.  I like the new pair of shoes my sister bought me for my birthday. Pick To choose or select.  I picked the cupcake with vanilla frosting.   Play To have fun with someone or engage in an activity or sport.  I like to play football with my brother.   Room A part of a home, building, office or another structure.  The room at the end of the hall is the coldest in the building.   See To watch or observe something.  I see clouds in the sky, which must mean it will rain soon. Sell To offer a service or a good for a price.I am going to sell my surfboard for $50 because its time for a new one.   Sit To rest on a floor, chair, or another surface.  The teacher told the children to sit on the carpet.   Speak To say something.I speak too loudly sometimes.   Smile To grin or show pleasure.I smile when my brother tells jokes. Sister The opposite of brother. The female child in relation to other children of the same parents.My parents took my sister and me to the circus. Think To contemplate something or have an idea or belief.  I think all pets should have a home.   Then Something that comes after an event in a sequence.  I opened the refrigerator. Then, I ate some food.   Walk To travel on foot.  I walk home from school every day. Water A substance plants, people, animals, and the earth need to survive.If animals dont have enough water to drink, they will die.   Work To make a living, engage in an activity for pay, or to reach a goal.  I work as a teacher because I like children.   Write To put something on paper with a pen or pencil. To use a computer to type text.I have to write three essays in English class this semester.   Woman A female adult.That woman was our new school principal.   Yes To answer affirmatively or respond to ones name being called.  Yes, Im here, the student said when the teacher called her name.

What Are the Differences Between School Performance, Operation and Essay

What Are the Differences Between School Performance, Operation and Challenges Before and After the P1 Status - Essay Example The available data on student performance has demonstrated recommendable improvement in schools’ performances. All players have employed effective and practical measures and policies to necessitate attractive academic result. To begin with, the education sector in the United States has replaced the school staffs that are immaterial in the contemporary education systems. Secondly, the education sector has instituted a new curriculum that incorporates the necessary professional development to all staffs. Thirdly, the management authority at the school level was significantly cut down to give room for consultation. Finally, the education sector was advised to recruit external experts to offer appropriate advice on the educational demands of the contemporary job market (Scott-little, 2009). Despite the significant improvement in schools performance after the introduction of P1 status, the P1 Schools have encountered various demanding complications. For instance, parents with better-performing students have the tendency of withdrawing their students in P1 schools leaving poor performers in the P1 system in order to maintain their family’s socio-economic status. This setback has, as a result, complicated the schools’ plan to move out of P1 status.

Japan China trade Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Japan China trade - Research Paper Example The islands between China and Japan named Senkaku(as per Japan) and Diaoyu(as per China) have been a main cause of disputes between the two countries, as shown below1. The trade relationship between China and Japan has grown significantly over the period of forty years. The Japan-China relationship is one of the most important trade relationships in the world. This bilateral relationship promotes economic welfare and growth, security and peace in Eastern Asia and as a result, the entire world. The Japan-China economic relationship is however plagued by historical and political tensions and disagreements2. One of the main factors that have greatly influenced the international trade between China and Japan is the convenience of the geography between these countries. The geographical proximity enables both nations to acquire what they need at a lowered price. China is a landlocked country on the West and is bordered by the sea to the East. China’s coast faces Japan. The ability to escape unnecessary warfare, reduced transport fees, the general ease of transportation is the main benefit the nation gains from its geographical position. China uses both the Pacific Ocean and its landlocked side for exportation through ships and freight trains. China participates in the mining industry. The presence of rare earth minerals mainly in the West makes it a lucrative trade partner for Japan, which uses these minerals in its widespread electronic industry3. The large electronic industry in Japan is one of the greatest contributors to the country’s economy. The terrain and climate in C hina facilitates its agricultural sector which is one of China’s main exports. Japan is not a resource rich environment, that is, the presence of natural energy resources and metallic ores is minimal. The country’s terrain and climate limit the agricultural sector. These geographical factors boost the country’s need to trade and import these resources and the relative

The Subjective Theory Of Truth Religion Essay

The Subjective Theory Of Truth Religion Essay According to the correspondence theory, if a statement corresponds to reality then it is considered to be truth (Hardy 32). Because there are three other truth theories, many have the wrong idea regarding what truth is and how one can know it. The three other truth theories are pragmatic, coherence, and subjective, and through the use of reason, one can determine which one is the most logical. To start, the subjective theory of truth discerns that the individual decides what is true and false based merely on his own personal desires. In other words, there is no such thing as absolute truth and what is true for you might not be true for me (Hardy 38). Absolute truth is simply the concept that there is a universal truth or a set of truths that exist and concern everyone (Hardy 40). In 2001, a study was done to determine how many Americans actually believe in absolute truth, and the result was only 38% (B.A. Robinson). Therefore 62% of Americans believe relativism in regards to reality, ethics, and even pluralism. However, behind every subjective truth, there is at least one absolute truth that can be discerned (Hardy 40). In any given situation, opinions can form, but there has to be at least one essential truth in order for those opinions to appear. For example, if there is a car accident and witnesses must tell their versions of what occurred, each person might retell the events that caused the accident a little bit differently. However, the one underlying absolute truth is that the accident did occur. In regards to moral relativism, in order for someone to say that something is good or evil, or, right or wrong, then he or she has to make an absolute truth claim. Under what standard is something immoral? If truth is relative, then one can follow their own standards and desires in regards to morality and there is no reason to argue at all. The moral implications of relativism also allude to placing the individual above God and rejecting His sovereignty. Furthermore, one can not say that someone is wrong unless that person knows what right is (Hardy, 40-41). According to Stand Your Ground by Dean Hardy, the irony of relativism is that it is completely self-defeating. Relativism cannot even pass its own test for truth (Hardy 40). In regards to the material reality, there are many ways to logically prove the subjective theory false. For example if someone declares that truth is relative, all one has to do in reply is question whether or not that is an absolute truth (Hardy 41). Therefore, it is evident that all truth claims are not inclusive. Truth must be exclusive, absolute and narrow, for an attempt to include everyone will never work (Hardy 40-41). Truth is also trans-cultural, and it is discovered not invented. Also, just because someone believes in something with all of his heart and deepest convictions, that doesnt make his belief true. This leads us into the discussion of pluralism and how all religions can not be true (Hardy 41). Pluralists argue in the analogy of the six blind men and the elephant that all six major religions have a piece of the truth but are unable to see the big picture. According to this way of thinking, if all six religions have a piece of the truth then they are all true. However, in making this claim, the pluralist has to know the whole truth. Underneath all of the subjective truths, there is still one elephant that represents absolute truth: that there is one true religion. Therefore, in using this analogy, pluralists claim the opposite of what they teach: that there has to be only one spiritual and religious path. If one is to discern whether or not pluralism is true based on a logical standpoint, then one can show that all six major religions teach opposites. In Christianity, for example, salvation is achieved by faith alone in Christ alone. However in Hinduism, one achieves salvation by overcoming reincarnation with good works. The two cant both be true (Hardy 39). Should we be skeptical about everything? Lord Byron once said In short, I deny nothing, but doubt everything. The question of whether or not reality is an illusion certainly harps at the hearts of many. The ideologies of skepticism, idealism and realism present ways to answer the question of metaphysics and how one knows what is truly real. We should most definitely not be skeptical about everything, for it is evident that there is both a material and spiritual reality. There is most definitely a difference between the physical existence of a chair in the outside world and the immaterial existence of a chair inside ones mind. The two both share the same essence, for they both have legs, a back and a seat for one to sit on. However, the two differ with existence, for one is physically real and the other is not (Hardy 17). In this situation, an idealist would believe that the only real chair would be the chair fabricated in his mind. Therefore, the idea of the chair is more real than the chair itself. A skeptic, however, would simply doubt the ability to prove that a chair existed at all. According to the skeptic, ones senses are faulty (Hardy 18). Because I am a realist, I firmly believe that the computer I used to type this paper is real and so are the ideas that I have formulated in my mind. Even though one can not prove everything with 100% certainty, it is still probable that anything can still exist as real. For example, one cant prove with 100% certainty that Christianity is real (Hardy 3). Although there are logical conclusions and arguments to prove Christianity to be true, there is always room for faith. One can not go back in time and physically prove that Jesus existed, and this is why there is room for faith (Hardy 3). However, one can know anything with 100% certainty. In regards to mathematics, one can know that the equation 2+2 will always equal 4. This is real and one can know it for certain (Hardy 15-16). Dean Hardy states in Stand Your Ground that if we could not be sure if our statements and ideas correspond to a real thing, then there could be no such thing as truth or knowledge (Hardy 19). So even though i t is in our human nature to doubt things, such as Lord Byron did in the statement above, that doesnt mean that no knowledge is absolute or that, nothing is real. I dont think that there is a God, is there any proof that He exists? There are three main arguments that are used to prove Gods existence. They are the cosmological, teleological and moral arguments. Each argument starts with certain presuppositions and then leads one into understanding that there must be an infinite God who exists outside of the universe. My favorite is the teleological argument because it proves that there must be a God based on the knowledge that the universe is intelligently designed. The logical syllogism is as follows: Everything that has design has a designer. The universe has design; therefore the universe must have a Designer (Henson, Introduction to Christian Theology 20). In using the rules of logic and argumentation found in Stand Your Ground, this is a categorical syllogism where the conclusion of the argument is both true and valid (Hardy 57-60). To start, there are many ways to prove that the universe has design. One of the most famous illustrations of this utilizes the concept of a watch and a watchmaker. In reality, a watch is comprised of natural elements from the universe. However, a watch has never just randomly formed out in nature. Even if one were to line up all of the essential parts of the watch together outside, one would know that the only way a watch could function is if someone intelligently constructed its parts together, and nature cant do that! Therefore it is safe to say that nature randomizes and intelligence organizes (Henson, Introduction to Christian Theology 20). In addition, many use the study of the anthropic principle to further conclude that the universe must have a designer. The anthropic principle mandates that our universe is designed so that even subtle changes in its atmosphere, oxygen or carbon dioxide levels would cause drastic results. One such example is that the oxygen level must comprise approximately 21% our atmosphere. If it was only 15% all life would suffocate and if it was 25% all life would burn (Henson, Introduction to Christian Theology 20). Also, never before has a scientist been able to construct a living cell, for it contains nearly 1,000 volumes of encyclopedic information (Henson, Introduction to Christian Theology 20)! Furthermore, the concept of specified complexity serves to prove that chance can not order the universe. In Apologetics class, the example of a group of monkeys typing a work of Shakespeare proves this point, for although they were given long periods of time to sit in front of a computer screen with a work of Shakespeare beside them, none of them were able to type a complete work. This proves that time added to chance will not equal order or even design. The point of this serves to prove that the chance of the universe creating itself is not only illogical but completely unsound (Hardy 90-91). In order to prove that the Designer from th e teleological argument is the God of Christianity, the other three arguments need to be used to correspond with the Bibles teachings (Hardy 100). Is the Bible merely mythical stories? Many unbelievers feel that the Bible is a book of mythical stories and that its teachings are ultimately false and insubstantial. However, even though I agree to some extent that the Bible includes both literal and figurative stories, I would still argue that the Bible is inspired or God-breathed (Henson, Introduction to Christian Theology 3). As 2 Timothy 3:16-17 states, All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work. First and foremost, the Bible is a historical book, which can be verified by past secular historical events. For example, the New Testament book Acts and the Old Testament books of Joshua, Ruth, Chronicles and 1st and 2nd Kings (just to name a few) are all deemed historical books and pertain to actual events that occurred in the past. Therefore, the whole Bible can not be deemed mythological (Henson, Introduction to Christian Theology 4). In addition, there are many non-Christian sources that can be used to verify the teachings of the Bible as accurate in correlation to events in history (Hardy 114). According to Stand Your Ground by Dean Hardy, there are more non-Christian sources that promote Christs existence than there are sources that discuss the existence of Emperor Tiberius Caesar Augustus during the 1st century (Hardy 117). Notable men including Roman historians Tacitus and Suetonis, the Roman governor Pliny the Younger and Jewish historian Josephus have all written accounts about the existence of not only Christ but also the truth to a lot of historical claims in the Bible (Hardy 116-118). Also, one of my favorite books of the Old Testament, Psalms, contains poetry. Even though one might argue that this book is mythological, I would refer back to how many of the verses in Psalms predict prophecy. For example, Psalm 22 predicts the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, how He was mocked on the cross and how many tempted Him to show that He was the one and only true God (Henson, Judaism 16). Above, I mentioned how many of the secular accounts confirming Christs existence give mention to His death under Pontius Pilate and His resurrection (Hardy 116-118).The statement above proves that the Bible is internally consistent, something that could not just be a compilation of random mythological stories. Lastly, to those who argue that the flood was a foolish myth, and that God did not start the first woman with a rib, Jesus Christ confirmed the validity of these events in the verses of Matthew 24:38 and Matthew 19:4-5 (Henson, Introduction to Christian Theology, 3). In addition, it is very bold for one to claim that all 66 books of the Bible, written by 40 different authors, on 3 different continents in 3 different languages over a period of 1500 years, is completely mythical (Henson, Introduction to Christian Theology, 4). Therefore, I believe that the book of the Bible is not a compilation of mythical stories. 5. Why must God be an infinite being? Why cant there be multiple Gods, and why cant God be limited? The common definition of the word infinite is having no limits (Henson, Introduction to Christian Theology 7). However, a more appropriate definition when describing Gods characteristics of omnipotence, omnibenevolence, omniscience, omnipresence, eternalness and immutableness is unlimited perfection (Hardy 75). God must be an infinite being because He is uncaused and outside of the universe. Because God is uncaused, nothing is causing Him to be and therefore He simply is who He is, or, He is pure actuality (Henson, Introduction to Christian Theology 7). If nothing is limiting God then God must be infinite and unable to lack (Henson, Introduction to Christian Theology 7). However, the concepts of deism, maltheism, and finite Godism support the notion that God is a finite being, or a being that is limited in perfection (Hardy 75) If God is a finite being, then something had to cause Him to be, and if God had a cause, then He cant be God. Therefore it is safe to say that one would have to regress back in time to find an infinite being, which would then be called God (Hardy 96-97). Deists claim that God created the world and everything in it, but then decided to let the world just run on its own. This implies that God is not omnipotent, for He lacks the ability to perform miracles, and that God is not omnibenevolent, for He lacks the ability to love and care for His creation (Hardy 78). In addition, Maltheists claim that God is evil, but if He is omnibenevolent, He doesnt have the potential to be evil. For God does not have the potential to be anything other than who He is, and that is an all-loving, good being (Henson, Introduction to Christian Theology 7). Lastly, finite Godists project the notion that God lacks and through the reason Ive given above, it is impossible for God to lack or else Hed be finite. In addition to Gods inability to lack, Polytheists argue that there are many finite Gods that rule the universe. However, it is true that something is distinguished by what it lacks rather than what it has. In order to distinguish these lesser gods apart, one would have to lack something the other god didnt have, and vice versa (Henson, Introduction to Christian Theology 7). If something lacks, then that something had a cause and therefore can not be the infinite God of the universe (Hardy 80). How do you know that the infinite being you believe in is the God of the Bible? According to Psalm 145:3, Great is the Lord and most worthy of praise; His greatness no one can fathom. There are many verses in the Bible that prove the infinite being who created the universe must be the God of Christianity. As mentioned before, God is omnipotent, omnibenevolent, omniscient, omnipresent, and immutable. He is also holy, relational, just, and righteous (Henson, Introduction to Christian Theology 8-9). To start, verse Matthew 19:26 states, Jesus looked at them and said, With man this is impossible, but with God all things are possible.' This verse shows how God is an all powerful being, something that man could never be. Also, one can see Gods love for man in Romans 5:8, which states But God demonstrates his own love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us. The Lord sent down His only son so that our sins could be forgiven and that we could have eternal life if we choose to come to know Him. Next, Psalm 139: 1-2 states, O Lord, you have searched me and you know me. You know when I sit and when I rise; you perceive my thoughts from afar. This shows how God is all knowing. In addition, Gods omnipresence can be shown thorough verse Jeremiah 23:24 where the Lord questions, Can anyone hide in secret places so that I cannot see himdo not I fill heaven and earth? Lastly, the God of Christianity is immutable, which means that He is unable to change (Henson, Introduc tion to Christian Theology 8). In Malachi 3:6, the Lord states, I the Lord do not change. So you, O descendants of Jacob, are not destroyed. These are just a few examples that describe how the God of the universe must be the God of Christianity. 7. If there is a God and He is omnipotent, omni benevolent, and omniscient, why is there evil? I mean, if He created everything, then didnt create evil? In order to understand this question, one should reference the beginning of Genesis when the Lord created both Adam and Eve. Genesis 2:16-17 states And the Lord God commanded the man, You are free to eat from any tree in the garden; but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat of it you will surely die.' Here, the Lord gave Adam an ultimatum. He gave him the choice to obey or disobey and He later gave the same choice to Eve. Adam and Eve were created without original sin and therefore were perfect in the eyes of God. However, the Lord gave man the free will to commit sin by choosing evil. In the story of Genesis, the serpent was the tempter. He told Eve in Genesis 3:5 that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦God knows that when you eat of it you eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil. So now after reading this verse, the question becomes whether or not God created evil and if He did, why He created it. God did not create evil. However, God created a perfect world where only good existed, but because He gave man free will, evil came into the world (Hardy 106). When people think of evil, many think of tragedies, times of adversity, even murder, however, they do forget that evil is the lack of something, or as Thomas Aquinas called it, the privation of a thing (Hardy 106). Evil is the lack of anything good. In Stand Your Ground by Dean Hardy, the example of a bucket with a hole in it is considered to be evil for its opening causes it to lack (Hardy 106). When God created the world, He essentially had two choices: one was to create a world where everyone was forced to be obedient to Him and the other was to give all of man kind the option to worship Him or not (Hardy 107-108). To further explain, the fall of man, which was the result of Adam and Eves first sin, enabled us to distinguish good from evil by the standard which God created. One can use empiricism to deduce that the world we live in is full of suffering, disease, pain, wrath, and heartache (just to name a few.) However, in order to understand why an omnibenevolent, omnipotent, omniscient God would allow these things to enter the once perfect world, one has to understand the importance of Satan and Satans desires. In Mr. Hensons Christian Theology class I learned that Satan uses humans to accomplish his purposes, but God uses demons to accomplish His purposes (Henson, Introduction to Christian Theology, 14). In all honesty, if there wasnt suffering and evil in the world, would we ever choose to pursue an all-loving God? Wouldnt you rather want to have the choice to pursue good or evil in this life, and learn from you experiences in times of suffering? Furthermore, dont we need to know what evil i s in order to comprehend that an all-loving, just God even exists? I firmly believe that God hurts when He sees His creation suffering but dont those times of suffering bring us closer to Him? God allowed evil to enter the world so that His creation can come to know Him and pursue Him in a world full of darkness. The only possible explanation of our existence is natural selection. In response to this statement, natural selection is only one idea or concept regarding our existence in the universe. Another idea happens to be the concept of intelligent design as it pertains to the universes complexity. Debaters are in constant disagreement over the two and the argument is still extremely prevalent in todays society. However, in studying the concept of irreducible complexity, one can prove that evolutionism is false. The most famous evolutionist, Charles Darwin, even stated something along the lines of if irreducible complexity were to be proven true then evolution cant be (Hardy, Chapter 7 Notes). The concept of irreducible complexity, which was formulated by Michael Behe, goes hand in hand with the teleological argument to prove Gods existence. The human cell is a complex structure made up of interdependent parts (Henson, Introduction to Christian Theology 20). If even one of these parts were to be removed, the cell would cease to function. This disproves the concept of macro-evolution or the idea that minor changes over time have enabled drastic changes to occur in a given species (Henson, Introduction to Christian Theology 21). In Apologetics class I learned about another example regarding irreducible complexity: the human eye. In order for the human eye to function, all of its interacting parts must exist together. One can not claim to have 25% of an eye, because that absolutely makes no sense! Gradual changes over time could not have occurred because all of that organs parts would have had to have formed at the same time. In addition, another one of Darwins theories is gr adualism or the notion that new traits form in the DNA code. However, scientist Gregor Mendel confirmed that our genetic make-up is hereditary or produced by the pre-existing traits of our parents (Henson, Introduction to Christian Theology 20). Lastly, the concept of microevolution can even be used to support the existence of God. According to Mr. Henson, a wise Creator would create flexibility within the gene pool to enable survival under any given environment, and to show His artistic creativity. This shows preplanning and purpose, which implies design (Henson, Introduction to Christian Theology 21). What makes Jesus so different? What did He say that was so unique? Verse John 1:35 states John saw Jesus coming toward him and said, Look the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world. Here one can fully understand the importance of Christs sacrifice for humankind and how He was more than just a man. Jesus Christ is the epitome of the new covenant God established with His people in the New Testament. Because Christ died for us, our sins can be forgiven. He essentially is the propitiation for our sins, meaning took our punishment for sin (Henson, Christian Theology 3). In the New Testament, Jesus performed miracles, He was worshipped, He forgave sins, He answered prayers, and although He was a man, He was without sin. Here one can see Jesus divine nature when He lived (Henson, Christian Theology 15). An example of Christ performing miracles is seen in Mark 1:25-26, which reveals: Be quiet! said Jesus sternly. Come out of him! The evil spirit shook the man violently and came out of him with a shriek. An example of Christ exclaiming how He is the Son of God is seen in John 14:6 where Jesus answered, I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me. An example of Christ forgiving ones sins can be seen in Luke 7:48 which remarks, Then Jesus said to her, Your sins are forgiven.' In reference to prayer Jesus tells His disciples in Matthew 6:6, But when you pray, go into your room, close the door and pray to your Father, who is unseen. Then your Father, who sees what is done in secret will reward you.' These all show h ow Jesus was a Divine Teacher who brought people to pursue the unseen God. In response to those who believe that Jesus did not claim to be God but only His son, in verse John 10:30 Jesus remarks I and the Father are one. Throughout His life on earth, it is recorded that Christ spoke many things and was more than just a good man. Why do Christians believe that there are three Gods in one? Isnt this Polytheism? The concept of the Trinity holds that there are three persons in one God. The reason why Christians believe that there are three persons in one God is because God is a relational being. In using the moral argument, one can deduce that the Moral Law Giver (the God of Christianity) has to be moral and relational because not only is He the standard for right and wrong but the concept of morality without relationships does not make sense (Henson, Introduction to Christian Theology 18). For example, one can not lie to a rock or some non-living creature. If one were to slap his desk or slap his little sister, which one would you consider morally wrong? Relationships are necessary in order for morals to exist. With that being said, If God is eternal, then He must be in an eternal relationship, which shows how God is not dependent on His temporal creation, for that would put limits on Him (Henson, Introduction to Christian Theology 18). Furthermore, if God is in an eternal relationship then He must be multi-personal, for He is the only true, infinite God. The reason why relationships are so valuable for human beings is because we were created in the image of God (Henson, Introduction to Christian Theology 18). To further explain the concept of the Trinity, within God there is the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. All three are of the same substance' and are not separate from each other. John 1:1-2 states In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning. The emphasis of Word in the above verse serves to emphasize how the Christ is God and was always God from the beginning of time. The reason why the concept of the Trinity is not polytheism is because even though the three persons within God are equal, they are economically distinct, which means that they serve different functions. The Father created the Earth, He is in charge over everything, while the Son is the mediator between God and man and lastly, the Holy Spirit convicts man of sin and immorality through guilt and shame (Henson, Introduction to Christian Theology 21). What does a person have to do to become a Christian? Why is it necessary? Couldnt you just be good and get into heaven? The infamous statement found in Ephesians 2:8-9 entails For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God not by works, so that no one can boast. Here it is evident that Jesus Christ is the mediator between God and man and through His sacrifice, humankind can come to salvation if they choose to worship Him. In order to become a Christian, one has to fully accept Christ as Gods Son and by worshipping Him, one can reap eternal life. In addition, in order for one to truly know God and believe in Christ as the Savior of humankind, one has to live a life devoted to God. This means, that one can not just sin on Monday and repent on Sunday in Church and claim himself a Christian. Christians need to put forth an initiative to shy away from sin and learn to live a life here on Earth devoted to God. Even though Ephesians 2:8-9 states that it is not by works, I believe that if one truly knows God then those works will evidence in his life through the power of the Holy Spirit. In my opinion, the above question as to whether or not good people can get into heaven without believing in Christ is a conundrum. For can anyone truly be good if the Holy Spirit is not working miracles inside of them? Can anyone truly be good if they do not know God, or if they do not claim Christ as their Savior? It is evident that because God is omnibenevolent, His creation can not even try to be good without having God working somehow miraculously in their lives. Believing in Christ is an essential for salvation, but because I am a Catholic, I believe that good works are a direct byproduct of faith in Christ and that for one to be good, God has to be inside of them. Where are you at in your spiritual journey? When I was 12 years old, I lost my aunt to breast cancer and due to a family disagreement, I also lost my favorite cousins. I had just graduated from 5th grade and I just couldnt understand why JoAnne and Gerard were no longer a part of my life. As I type this, I can remember all of the times we shared: spontaneous sleepovers, watching the fireworks show that they put on every Fourth of July, every single Christmas Eve that I can remember, all of the tickle wars that I never seemed to win, and the times when we would swim all day in their backyard pool. I never knew what it was like to lose someone you truly loved and cared for with all of your heart or what it would be like to never see them or hear from them again. I lost my two role-models, the people that I looked up to and could never wait to visit. However, even through this painful experience, Ive never shut God out of my life completely. Through the hard years, I always prayed to God to not only help me understand why this wa s happening but also for my cousins that I no longer knew. This experience never brought me really close to God, it kind of kept me at bay even though I never completely shut Him out of my life. However while I tried to block this experience from my mind and move on, adversity entered my life in a completely, different unexpected way. The first day of my sophomore year of high school, my mother had a stroke, and from this experience I learned how important my family was in my life. From this point on, I feel as though my faith has grown tremendously, not only because Ive grown in a Christian environment but because God used these experiences to help me come to know Him. Even though I cant really explain how, I know that God works in mysterious ways, especially in my life and He has so many things planned for me. The experience with my mom shocked our family and made us realize that we were ignoring God for earthly desires. When all of this was happening, I completely detested ever going to Charlotte Christian, but i know that God made everything happen the way it did because it has made me a stronger woman in my faith and personal journey with the Lord. Even now, these past few months, Ive been trying to have a new relationship with my cousins but because all of this time has passed, I dont even know where to start. I pray to God every night about how I can know them again, even though I know it wont ever be the same. Right now a lot of change is going to happen for me and even though it has been hard I honestly have put all of my faith in knowing that God knows whats best for me. Im reading book called God Always has a Plan B, and it has just been helping me get through college rejections and acceptances. I have no idea where I am going to end up, but I know that God has definitely made it clear where He does not want me to go. I have completely accepted Jesus Christ as my Savior and I try every day to live according to Gods plan. I know that Im not perfect and I have many faults, but I know that God sees my strengths and talents for Im created in His image. After having the opportunity to take classes such as Christian Theology and Apologetics, I feel as though my faith has been challenged and Im glad that I am able to question and not be afraid. I have had doubts enter my mind of course, but they have just served to make my faith stronger. I dont know where I would be today if I didnt have God actively working my life. I dont understand how some people can live everyday and not feel like theres something out there thats greater than we could ever be. As one chapter in my life comes to an end, I know that my spiritual journey will continue to become a larger part of me. Even though I have had painful experiences, God has blessed me with the ability to ch